ABORTION FOR UNMARRIED WOMEN IN INDIA
Being single doesn’t mean you’re weak. It means you’re strong enough to wait for what you deserve.” The main challenge every unmarried woman face is lack of security. Women also face social pressure, loneliness, potential financial instability and many more. The social pressure of an unmarried woman is the societal expectation that women should be married, often leading to feelings of stigma, isolation, and low self-esteem for those who are not, stemming from assumptions about their life choices. In India, unmarried women have the same right to abortion as married women, up to 24 weeks of pregnancy.
UNDERSTANDING LEGAL RIGHTS
The Medical Termination of pregnancy (MTP) Act, 1971 is an Indian law that legalize the termination of a pregnancy under specific medical and social grounds, allowing a registered medical practitioner to perform an abortion within certain gestational limits. The MTP Act was amended in 2021 to further expand access to abortion services, including increasing the gestational limit for termination in specific cases like fetal abnormalities and pregnancies due to sexual violence. For abortions up to 20weeks, the approval of one medical practitioner is sufficient according to 2021 Amendment.
MEDICAL OPTIONS TO ABORT
In India, the most common methods for abortion are Medical abortion using medical, which is generally suitable for early pregnancy. The next is surgical method of abortion, through vacuum aspiration, typically used for slightly later stages of pregnancy. Therefore, the choice depends on the gestational age, personal preference and medical considerations, with a healthcare provider guiding the best method.
- Medical Abortion (medication): This is taking a combination of pills, which causes the uterine lining to shed and expel the pregnancy. Most effective for pregnancies up to 7 weeks gestation and after 13-24 weeks. The advantage may be preferred by some women due to the ability to manage the process at home, potentially less invasive than surgery. The main disadvantage can involve longer bleeding and cramping compared to surgical abortion and may not be suitable for everyone depending on medical conditions.
- Surgical Abortion (Vacuum Aspiration): In this method, a small tube is inserted into the uterus to gently suction out the pregnancy tissues. Most commonly used for pregnancies up to 13 weeks. The advantage is considered highly effective, relatively short procedure time and faster recovery. The disadvantage may involve invasive procedures, potential for complications like uterine perforation if performed later in pregnancy.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT MTP CLINIC:
While selecting a clinic for a Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), the most important criteria are: a clinic that is legally licensed to perform MTPs, has qualified and experienced medical practitioners specializing in gynecology, provides a safe and hygienic environment. Verify that the clinic maintains high standards of hygiene and infection control practices. Research the clinic’s reputation by checking online reviews and testimonials from previous patients.
SUPPORT AND COUNSELLING:
Some people may experience symptoms of depression after an abortion or pregnancy termination. Women undergoing the procedure should receive clear and simple oral and written information about how to care for themselves after leaving the healthy facility and how to recognize danger signs that require attention. In addition, information and counselling should be provided on contraception. Women may experience a range of different emotions after an abortion. The health worker can provide needed support to them during this difficult time.
The counselor’s first task is to build an alliance, or a partnership, with the woman. This alliance serves as the foundation that encourages the woman to engage in the session. Building a relationship is especially important after the trauma of an abortion. The important skills in building relationships include showing empathy, overcoming beliefs, values ad attitudes and active listening.
Pre-Procedure counselling: It is important to decide about the termination of pregnancy and to choose the method of termination. It ensures the procedure is given after receiving complete information. It helps to adopt a contraceptive method after the procedure. Establish rapport with the woman and gain her confidence, as abortion is very sensitive issue and may be reluctant to discuss it. The former is extremely important as she may have strange feelings about terminating the pregnancy.
Post-procedure counselling; it is an integral part and it is important as the pre-abortion counseling. It ensures that the woman has understood the precautions and care needed during the post-abortion period and the actions that need to be taken in case of complications. It reinforces the need for continuing the use of the contraceptive method chosen. Continue to ensure privacy and confidentiality and an empathetic attitude. Give a referral letter with details of history, physical examination, treatment given so far and the reason for the referral.
ACTIONABLE STEPS:
In India, unmarried women can access abortion services legally under the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, which means they have same right to terminate a pregnancy as married women, with no requirement for spousal consent; this was affirmed by a supreme court ruling in September 2022, stating that all women, regardless of marital status, can access abortion up to 24 weeks of gestation. A review of an on-goings stable care and support plan must take place no less than 12 months after the date of 6-8 week review, and then no less than once every 12 months after that;
Legal requirements and statutory guidance does not require any specific tools to support or shape the review process, but it does acknowledge that a good tool can be helpful. However, any tool should;
- Facilitate and ensure the person’s involvement;
- Support the information gathering process;
- Be flexible and adaptable; and
- Be appropriate and proportionate to the needs being met by the care and support plan.
REACH OUT FOR EXPERT CARE:
There is no basis to deny unmarried women the right to medically terminate the pregnancy, when the same choice available to other categories of women.“If you’re looking for expert advice and treatment , Dr.Niraj Mahajan, a renowned abortion gynecologist in Mumbai, offers personalized care with utmost confidentiality. With extensive experience in medical terminations, Dr.Niraj Mahajan ensures that all patients receive the support and medical attention they need during this sensitive time.” He is very helpful and cooperative in nature. He have also published a book on Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP).
MOST ASKED FAQ’S ABOUT ABORTION FOR UNMARRIED WOMEN IN INDIA:
Is abortion legal in India for unmarried women?
Ans: Yes, abortion is legal for unmarried women in India up to 24weeks of pregnancy. This is accordance with MTP act of 1971 and amendment.
What happens if an unmarried girl gets pregnant?
Ans: She will face a range of personal and social consequence, depending on her individual circumstances and the laws in her region. As MTP/ abortion is legal in India, she will get all the support needed for MTP.
What abortion method is best?
Ans: The best method depends on your circumstances and preferences, and can include medication or surgical abortion.
Does abortion affect fertility?
Ans: No, abortion usually does not affect fertility. In fact, you can become pregnant within days of having an abortion.
How can I find a best MTP clinic in India?
Ans: To find a reputable MTP clinic in India, look for a clinic that is licensed under the MTP act, has experienced and qualified gynecologists, provides proper counseling, maintains high hygiene standards.